Course Content
Chapter-5
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Introduction to Packet-Based Protocol in PCI Express
Transaction Layer Packet (TLP) Basics
Generic TLP Header Format: Fields, Encoding, and Interpretation
Byte Enable Mechanism in PCI Express
Transaction Descriptor Fields in PCI Express
Request and Completion TLPs in PCI Express
Message TLPs in PCI Express
Chapter 6 – Flow Control & Credit Mechanism
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Introduction to Flow Control in PCI Express
Credit-Based Flow Control Concept in PCI Express
Types of Credits in PCI Express
Flow Control Initialization and Update Mechanism in PCI Express
Transmission Rules and Credit Consumption in PCI Express
Virtual Channels and Credit Separation in PCI Express
Credit Tracking Example and Debugging in PCI Express
Chapter 7 (Data Link Layer: Ack/Nak & Replay Mechanism)
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Data Link Layer in PCI Express: Ensuring Reliable Delivery
Sequence Numbering and Replay Logic in PCI Express (In Depth)
Link CRC (LCRC) and Error Detection in PCI Express
DLLP Types and Their Roles in PCI Express
Replay Buffer Management and Timing in PCI Express
Chapter 8 – Physical Layer (PHY) Architecture and Operation
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Overview of the PCIe Physical Layer
Signaling and Lane Architecture in PCI Express
Data Encoding in PCI Express
Link Training and Initialization (LTSSM)
Equalization and Channel Compensation in PCI Express
Clocking, CDR, and Bit/Symbol Lock in PCI Express
Electrical Idle and PHY-Level Power Management (L0s, L1, L2, L3)
Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) and PIPE Interface
PHY Debug and Compliance Testing
Chapter 9 – Data Link Layer (DLL) Overview
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Introduction to the Data Link Layer (DLL)
Sequence Numbering and Ordering in PCI Express
ACK/NAK Mechanism and Replay Buffer in PCI Express
DLLPs (Data Link Layer Packets): Types, Formats, and Functions
LCRC (Link CRC) and Error Detection in PCI Express
Data Link Layer Initialization and Credit Exchange
Debug and Verification Insights for PCIe Data Link Layer
Chapter 10 – Physical Layer (PHY): Link Training, Lane Deskew, and Symbol Alignment
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PCI Express Physical Layer Overview & Responsibilities
Ordered Sets and Training Sequences (TS1 / TS2) in PCI Express
Lane Deskew and Symbol Alignment in PCI Express
Clock Data Recovery (CDR) in PCI Express
Bit Lock and Symbol Lock in PCI Express
Equalization in PCIe (Gen3 to Gen5)
PIPE Interface Deep Dive
LTSSM (Link Training and Status State Machine) Deep Dive
PHY Debug and Compliance Testing in PCI Express
PCIe- Basic to Advanced

How PCIe transforms binary data into reliable, transition-rich symbols for high-speed transmission

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